Integrative Levels Classification project ILC2 developing schedules how it works builder meetings people references
ILC class q

ILC developing version
Expanded class q

   ▲  broader class

▽ ⌕         qW  cultural heritage; human cultures  ✍
▽ ⌕         q  language  [linguistics]  ← ou communication p consciousness mU human organisms   ≈ DDC 400 410  ✍
▽ ⌕         q0       as related to
▽ ⌕         q03cr                      comparative linguistics
▽ ⌕         q07h                 philosophy of language
▽ ⌕         q07m                 mathematical linguistics
▽ ⌕         q09            studied by theory  [general linguistics]
▽ ⌕         q0p            mind  [psycholinguistics]
▽ ⌕         q0s            economy  [economical linguistics]
▽ ⌕         q0t            society  [sociolinguistics]
▽ ⌕         q0tt                 nation  [ethnolinguistics; anthropological linguistics]
▽ ⌕         q17   [w1]           in time  [historical linguistics; comparative linguistics]
▽ ⌕         q173   [w1]                originated in epoch
▽ ⌕         q1734   [w1]                     extinct in; dead in epoch
▽ ⌕         q27   [vtU]           of; originated in; diffused from region
▽ ⌕         q31   [q]           deriving from original linguistic element  [etymology; philology]
▽ ⌕         q319                  etimological type
▽ ⌕         q319l                      loan
▽ ⌕         q319q                      calque
▽ ⌕         q32   [q]           within linguistic context
▽ ⌕         q33   [U]           by speaker; sender
▽ ⌕         q336   [u7]                spoken by speaker class
▽ ⌕         q36   [U]           to addressee; receiver
▽ ⌕         q4        error; mistake  [error analysis]
▽ ⌕         q45e                 interlingual error
▽ ⌕         q45r                 intralingual error
▽ ⌕         q4g            overgeneralization
▽ ⌕         q4gd                 developmental error
▽ ⌕         q4gdi                      induced error
▽ ⌕         q4gdl                      error of avoidance
▽ ⌕         q4gdo                      error of overproduction
▽ ⌕         q4s            simplification
▽ ⌕         q4so                 omission
▽ ⌕         q4st                 addition
▽ ⌕         q5        language change; evolution
▽ ⌕         q5c            conservatism
▽ ⌕         q5q            revival
▽ ⌕         q5r            reformation
▽ ⌕         q6        formalization
▽ ⌕         q60             language level  ✍
▽ ⌕         q60r   ⋄                technical
▽ ⌕         q60t   ⋄                familiar; common; spoken; vernacular
▽ ⌕         q60u   ⋄                institutional
▽ ⌕         q60w   ⋄                liturgical
▽ ⌕         q60x   ⋄                literary
▽ ⌕         q60y   ⋄                scientific
▽ ⌕         q669                 style; rhetorical strategy
▽ ⌕         q669g                      logical style; logos
▽ ⌕         q669o                      authoritative style; ethos  ✍
▽ ⌕         q669t                      emotional style; pathos
▽ ⌕         q69             sense
▽ ⌕         q69g                 argot sense
▽ ⌕         q69j                 jargon sense; technical sense
▽ ⌕         q69m                 metaphorical sense
▽ ⌕         q69r                 rhetorical sense; so to speak
▽ ⌕         q6aWt            natural
▽ ⌕         q6b            jargon
▽ ⌕         q6d            dialect; local variant  [dialectology]
▽ ⌕         q6n            standard; national
▽ ⌕         q6p            pidgin
▽ ⌕         q6r            creole
▽ ⌕         q6t            international
▽ ⌕         q6u            constructed; planned; artificial
▽ ⌕         q6x            formal
▽ ⌕         q6xp                 programming; script
▽ ⌕         q6xr                 knowledge representation; markup
▽ ⌕         q7        linguistic channel
▽ ⌕         q77   [q]           with element
▽ ⌕         q79   [X]            structural type
▽ ⌕         q7cWo            nonverbal human communication
▽ ⌕         q7d            interpersonal distance in language  [proxemics]  ✍
▽ ⌕         q7db                 public distance >360 cm
▽ ⌕         q7dl                 social distance 120-360 cm
▽ ⌕         q7dp                 personal distance 45-120 cm
▽ ⌕         q7dt                 intimate distance <45 cm
▽ ⌕         q7g            gestures; visual-manual signs; body motion; body language  [kinesics]  ← ou5ed display   ✍
▽ ⌕         q7gc                 touch  [haptics]
▽ ⌕         q7gcb                      slap
▽ ⌕         q7gcc                      pat; caress
▽ ⌕         q7gcg                      hug
▽ ⌕         q7gch                      hand-shaking
▽ ⌕         q7gci                      holding hands
▽ ⌕         q7gck                      kiss
▽ ⌕         q7ge                 body orientation
▽ ⌕         q7gf                 posture; posturing
▽ ⌕         q7gh                 chest gesture; thorax gesture
▽ ⌕         q7ghb                      chest bending
▽ ⌕         q7gho                      bowing; stooping
▽ ⌕         q7ghs                      chest swelling
▽ ⌕         q7gi                 pelvis gesture
▽ ⌕         q7gm                 arm gesture
▽ ⌕         q7gn                 hand gesture; manual gesture
▽ ⌕         q7gne                      emblem; quotable gesture; symbolic gesture
▽ ⌕         q7gnef                           clenched fist; raised fist
▽ ⌕         q7gneh                           handwave
▽ ⌕         q7gnen                           namaste; añjali mudrā
▽ ⌕         q7gneo                           okay; OK; ring gesture
▽ ⌕         q7gnep                           applause
▽ ⌕         q7gner                           horn sign
▽ ⌕         q7gnet                           thumbs up
▽ ⌕         q7gneu                           thumbs down
▽ ⌕         q7gnev                           V sign; victory hand
▽ ⌕         q7gnex                           crossed fingers
▽ ⌕         q7gni                      pointing; deictic; indexical gesture
▽ ⌕         q7gnm                      beats; motor gestures
▽ ⌕         q7gnx                      lexical gesture; iconic gesture; depicting gesture
▽ ⌕         q7gt                 head gesture
▽ ⌕         q7gtn                      nod
▽ ⌕         q7gu                 gaze; glance; visual contact
▽ ⌕         q7guf                      eyebrow flash
▽ ⌕         q7gx   [pe]                facial expression  ✍
▽ ⌕         q7gxc                      fear expression
▽ ⌕         q7gxf                      surprise expression
▽ ⌕         q7gxi                      sad expression
▽ ⌕         q7gxl                      disgust expression
▽ ⌕         q7gxo                      angry expression
▽ ⌕         q7gxu                      joy expression
▽ ⌕         q7gxus                           smile
▽ ⌕         q7o            non-verbal vocalization; non-lexical utterance  ← ou5eh acoustic
▽ ⌕         q7oc                 cry
▽ ⌕         q7og                 laugh
▽ ⌕         q7oi                 sigh
▽ ⌕         q7om                 vocal segregate; hmm
▽ ⌕         q7s            speaking; speech s.s.; spoken language; orality  ← ou5eh acoustic
▽ ⌕         q7se                 phones; segments  [phonetics]
▽ ⌕         q7seX                      manners of articulation  ✍
▽ ⌕         q7seXX                           points of articulation  ✍
▽ ⌕         q7sebbm   ⋄                               [b]
▽ ⌕         q7sf                 phonemes  [phonology]
▽ ⌕         q7sfX                      manners of articulation
▽ ⌕         q7sfXX                           points of articulation
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXX                                phonation
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXXX                                     airstream
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXXc                                     click; lingual ingressive; velaric ingressive
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXXi                                     implosive; glottalic ingressive
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXXk                                     ejective; glottalic egressive
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXXp                                     pulmonic
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXc                                voiceless
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXe                                breathy voice; murmur; whispery voice; soughing; susurration
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXg                                slack voice; lax voice
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXh                                half voiced; partially voiced
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXm                                voiced; modal voice
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXs                                stiff voice
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXv                                creaky voice
▽ ⌕         q7sfXXy                                glottal closure
▽ ⌕         q7sfXbWd                           labial
▽ ⌕         q7sfXb                           bilabial
▽ ⌕         q7sfXc                           labiodental
▽ ⌕         q7sfXd                           dentolabial
▽ ⌕         q7sfXgWl                           coronal
▽ ⌕         q7sfXg                           linguolabial
▽ ⌕         q7sfXi                           interdental
▽ ⌕         q7sfXj                           dental
▽ ⌕         q7sfXl                           alveolar
▽ ⌕         q7sfXmWo                           postalveolar
▽ ⌕         q7sfXm                           palato-alveolar
▽ ⌕         q7sfXn                           alveo-palatal
▽ ⌕         q7sfXo                           retroflex
▽ ⌕         q7sfXp                           prepalatal
▽ ⌕         q7sfXq                           labio-palatal; rounded front
▽ ⌕         q7sfXr                           palatal; front
▽ ⌕         q7sfXs                           labioprevelar; rounded central
▽ ⌕         q7sfXt                           prevelar; central
▽ ⌕         q7sfXu                           labiovelar; rounded back
▽ ⌕         q7sfXv                           velar; back
▽ ⌕         q7sfXw                           uvular
▽ ⌕         q7sfXxWy                           laringeal; guttural
▽ ⌕         q7sfXx                           pharingeal; epiglottal
▽ ⌕         q7sfXy                           glottal
▽ ⌕         q7sfas                           aspirated; aspiration
▽ ⌕         q7sfbWe                      occlusives
▽ ⌕         q7sfbWj                      consonants
▽ ⌕         q7sfb                      stops; plosives
▽ ⌕         q7sfbbc                                /p/
▽ ⌕         q7sfbbm                                /b/
▽ ⌕         q7sfblc                                /t/
▽ ⌕         q7sfblm                                /d/
▽ ⌕         q7sfboc                                /ʈ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfbom                                /ɖ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfbqc                                /k/
▽ ⌕         q7sfbqm                                /g/
▽ ⌕         q7sfbrc                                /c/
▽ ⌕         q7sfbrm                                /ɟ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfbwc                                /q/
▽ ⌕         q7sfc                      nasals
▽ ⌕         q7sfcb                           /m/
▽ ⌕         q7sfcl                           /n/
▽ ⌕         q7sfe                      affricates
▽ ⌕         q7sfebc                                /pf/
▽ ⌕         q7sfelq                                /dʒ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfels                                /tʃ/
▽ ⌕         q7sffWy                      continuants
▽ ⌕         q7sff                      fricatives; spirants
▽ ⌕         q7sffal                                lateral fricatives
▽ ⌕         q7sffas                                sibilants
▽ ⌕         q7sffcc                                /f/
▽ ⌕         q7sffcm                                /v/
▽ ⌕         q7sfflc                                /s/
▽ ⌕         q7sfflm                                /z/
▽ ⌕         q7sfhWi                      rhotics
▽ ⌕         q7sfhWl                      liquids
▽ ⌕         q7sfh                      flaps; taps
▽ ⌕         q7sfi                      trills
▽ ⌕         q7sfil                           /r/
▽ ⌕         q7sflWo                      approximants
▽ ⌕         q7sflWy                      vocoids
▽ ⌕         q7sfl                      laterals
▽ ⌕         q7sfll                           /l/
▽ ⌕         q7sfo                      semivowels; glides
▽ ⌕         q7sfol                           /j/
▽ ⌕         q7sfoq                           /w/
▽ ⌕         q7sfqWy                      vowels
▽ ⌕         q7sfq                      closed vowels
▽ ⌕         q7sfqr                           /i/
▽ ⌕         q7sfqu                           /u/
▽ ⌕         q7sfs                      half-closed vowels
▽ ⌕         q7sfsr                           /e/
▽ ⌕         q7sfsu                           /o/
▽ ⌕         q7sfsv                           /ø/
▽ ⌕         q7sfu                      medium vowels
▽ ⌕         q7sfut                           /ɘ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfvq                           /y/
▽ ⌕         q7sfvv                           /ɯ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfw                      half-open vowels
▽ ⌕         q7sfwr                           /ɛ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfwt                           /ʌ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfwu                           /ɔ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfwv                           /œ/
▽ ⌕         q7sfy                      open vowels
▽ ⌕         q7sfyr                           /a/
▽ ⌕         q7sfyt                           /ɑ/
▽ ⌕         q7sm                 combined sounds; sequences
▽ ⌕         q7smd                      diphthongs
▽ ⌕         q7smh                      hiatuses
▽ ⌕         q7ss                 syllables
▽ ⌕         q7ss7C                           with suprasegmental
▽ ⌕         q7ss7CiWu                                suprasegmentals; prosodic features
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Ci                                stress; intensity; accent
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cib                                     unstressed
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cie                                     secondarily stressed
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cin                                     stressed
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cis                                     strongly stressed
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cp                                tones; pitches
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cpc                                     falling tone
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cpn                                     neutral tone
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cpp                                     dipping tone
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cpr                                     rising tone
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cpw                                     high tone
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cu                                lengths; quantities; chronemes  ← an89 
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cuf                                     extra-short
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cui                                     short
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cum                                     long
▽ ⌕         q7ss7Cux                                     extra-long; geminated
▽ ⌕         q7w            writing  [graphemics; palaeography; epigraphy]
▽ ⌕         q7wg                 logographies; hieroglyphs
▽ ⌕         q7wgh                      Chinese characters; Han characters; sinographs; hanzi; kanji; hanja; hán tự
▽ ⌕         q7wi                 syllabaries; syllabic writings
▽ ⌕         q7wik                      Kana
▽ ⌕         q7wj                 abjads
▽ ⌕         q7wjc                      Proto-Canaanite alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wje                      Phoenician alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wjg                      Aramaic
▽ ⌕         q7wjh                      Hebrew alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wjr                      Arabic alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wjs                      Syriac alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wk                 abugidas; alphasyllabaries
▽ ⌕         q7wkd                      Devanagari
▽ ⌕         q7wkt                      Ethiopic
▽ ⌕         q7wl                 alphabets
▽ ⌕         q7wlg                      Greek alphabet  ← qveg Greek language
▽ ⌕         q7wlg7E{β}   ⋄                                                             letter β
▽ ⌕         q7wll                      Latin alphabet  ← qvei Romance languages
▽ ⌕         q7wll7_Ev                                          cue
▽ ⌕         q7wllX                           Latin letters
▽ ⌕         q7wllXc                                uppercase Latin letters  ← q7wlac 
▽ ⌕         q7wllXs                                lowercase Latin letters  ← q7wlas 
▽ ⌕         q7wlla                           a; letter a
▽ ⌕         q7wllac   ⋄                               uppercase a; A
▽ ⌕         q7wllas   ⋄                               lowercase a; a
▽ ⌕         q7wllb                           bee; letter b
▽ ⌕         q7wllc                           cee
▽ ⌕         q7wlld                           dee
▽ ⌕         q7wlle                           e
▽ ⌕         q7wllf                           ef
▽ ⌕         q7wllg                           gee
▽ ⌕         q7wllh                           aitch; haitch
▽ ⌕         q7wlli                           i
▽ ⌕         q7wllj                           jay; jy
▽ ⌕         q7wllk                           kay
▽ ⌕         q7wlll                           el; ell
▽ ⌕         q7wllm                           em
▽ ⌕         q7wlln                           en
▽ ⌕         q7wllo                           o
▽ ⌕         q7wllp                           pee
▽ ⌕         q7wllr                           ar; or
▽ ⌕         q7wlls                           ess
▽ ⌕         q7wllt                           tee
▽ ⌕         q7wllu                           u
▽ ⌕         q7wllv                           vee
▽ ⌕         q7wllw                           double-u
▽ ⌕         q7wllx                           ex
▽ ⌕         q7wlly                           wy
▽ ⌕         q7wllyzd                           zed; zee
▽ ⌕         q7wln                      Icelandic alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wlq                      Glagolitic alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wlr                      Cyrillic alphabet  ← qves Slavic languages
▽ ⌕         q7wlrr                           Russian alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wlu                      Hangul; Hunminjeongeum  ← u35prxvjp 
▽ ⌕         q7wlw                      Morse code
▽ ⌕         q7wlx                      fingerspelling; dactylology; manual alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wlxd                           deaf-dumb alphabet  ← mqad97o 
▽ ⌕         q7wly                      Braille alphabet
▽ ⌕         q7wu                 numerals
▽ ⌕         q7wum                      Roman numerals
▽ ⌕         q7wum7Eb                                     I
▽ ⌕         q7wum7Ec                                     V
▽ ⌕         q7wum7Ed                                     X
▽ ⌕         q7wum7Ee                                     L
▽ ⌕         q7wum7Ef                                     C
▽ ⌕         q7wum7Eg                                     D
▽ ⌕         q7wum7Eh                                     M
▽ ⌕         q7wur                      Hindo-Arabic numerals
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Eo                                     zero; numeral 0
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Ep                                     one; numeral 1
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Eq                                     two; numeral 2
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Er                                     three; numeral 3
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Es                                     four; numeral 4
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Et                                     five; numeral 5
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Eu                                     six; numeral 6
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Ev                                     seven; numeral 7
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Ew                                     eight; numeral 8
▽ ⌕         q7wur7Ex                                     nine; numeral 9
▽ ⌕         q7wx                 punctuation marks
▽ ⌕         q7wxi                      positurae
▽ ⌕         q7wxi7Ec                                     punctus
▽ ⌕         q7wxp                      printing-press punctuation
▽ ⌕         q7wxp7Ec                                     colon
▽ ⌕         q7wxp7Ee                                     semicolon
▽ ⌕         q7wxp7Ef                                     full stop; period
▽ ⌕         q7wxp7Eh                                     parentheses
▽ ⌕         q7wxp7Em                                     comma
▽ ⌕         q7wxr                      computer punctuation
▽ ⌕         q7wxr7Eb                                     at sign; @
▽ ⌕         q7wxr7Eh                                     hash; #
▽ ⌕         q83   [an89]            linguistic diversity
▽ ⌕         q9        speech act  [pragmatics]
▽ ⌕         q90            about topic; subject  [semantics]
▽ ⌕         q90j                 regions toponyms  [toponomastics]
▽ ⌕         q90pY                      individual people proper names  [onomastics]
▽ ⌕         q90ro   ⋄                     agriculture
▽ ⌕         q92   [vtU]           of region
▽ ⌕         q96   [os]            message; linguistic function; poetic function
▽ ⌕         q96e                 warning; deictical; indexical
▽ ⌕         q96e7g   ⋄                          warning gestures
▽ ⌕         q96g                 aggressivity
▽ ⌕         q96ge                      threat
▽ ⌕         q96m                 mating
▽ ⌕         q96mh                      courtship
▽ ⌕         q96s                 sociality
▽ ⌕         q96sj                      subjection; respect
▽ ⌕         q96sm                      dominance
▽ ⌕         q96sq                      alliance
▽ ⌕         q9c            locutionary
▽ ⌕         q9i            illocutionary  ✍
▽ ⌕         q9ie                 representative; assertive
▽ ⌕         q9ii                 directive
▽ ⌕         q9im                 commissive
▽ ⌕         q9ip                 expressive
▽ ⌕         q9ir                 declarative
▽ ⌕         q9iy                 indirect
▽ ⌕         q9p            perlocutionary
▽ ⌕         q9t            metalocutionary
▽ ⌕         qX        code
▽ ⌕         qm       morphs  [morphology]
▽ ⌕         qmb            stems  [lexicography; terminology]
▽ ⌕         qmb{dog}   ⋄                          dog-
▽ ⌕         qmf            affixes
▽ ⌕         qmfe                 prefixes
▽ ⌕         qmfi                 infixes
▽ ⌕         qmfs                 suffixes; grammatical endings
▽ ⌕         qmfu                 circumfixes
▽ ⌕         qmq            aspects
▽ ⌕         qms            compounds
▽ ⌕         qo       words; lexical categories; word classes; lexical classes; parts of speech  [grammar (partim)]  ← qm morphs
▽ ⌕         qo360y                           scientific terms
▽ ⌕         qo79                  morphological kind  [morphological typology]
▽ ⌕         qo79b                      isolating
▽ ⌕         qo79e                      templatic; nonconcatenative; discontinuous; introflection
▽ ⌕         qo79gWy                      synthetic
▽ ⌕         qo79g                      agglutinative
▽ ⌕         qo79n                      fusional; inflecting
▽ ⌕         qo79p                      polysynthetic
▽ ⌕         qoi            interjections
▽ ⌕         qon            nouns
▽ ⌕         qonc                 common nouns
▽ ⌕         qonp                 proper nouns; names
▽ ⌕         qop            pronouns
▽ ⌕         qope                 personal pronouns
▽ ⌕         qopf                 reflexive and reciprocal pronouns
▽ ⌕         qoph                 possessive pronouns
▽ ⌕         qopm                 demonstrative pronouns
▽ ⌕         qopn                 indefinite pronouns
▽ ⌕         qopr                 relative pronouns
▽ ⌕         qopw                 interrogative pronouns
▽ ⌕         qoq            verbs
▽ ⌕         qoqo                 double transitive verbs
▽ ⌕         qor            adjectives and adverbs
▽ ⌕         qot            determiners; determinatives
▽ ⌕         qotc                 articles
▽ ⌕         qotd                 demonstratives
▽ ⌕         qoth                 possessive determiners; possessive adjectives
▽ ⌕         qotn                 numerals
▽ ⌕         qott                 distributive determiners
▽ ⌕         qotv                 quantifiers
▽ ⌕         qotw                 interrogative determiners
▽ ⌕         qove                 intransitive verbs
▽ ⌕         qovh                 transitive verbs
▽ ⌕         qovj                 ditransitive verbs
▽ ⌕         qovu                 copular verbs
▽ ⌕         qow            adpositions; prepositions and postpositions
▽ ⌕         qox            conjunctions
▽ ⌕         qo{acqua}   ⋄                               the word acqua
▽ ⌕         qp       phrases; syntagmas; units  [syntax; grammar]  ← qo words
▽ ⌕         qp79                 word orders
▽ ⌕         qp79cWg                      VO; verb-object
▽ ⌕         qp79c                      SVO; subject-verb-object
▽ ⌕         qp79e                      VSO; verb-subject-object
▽ ⌕         qp79g                      VOS; verb-object-subject
▽ ⌕         qp79kWq                      OV; object-verb
▽ ⌕         qp79k                      SOV; subject-object-verb
▽ ⌕         qp79m                      OSV; object-subject-verb
▽ ⌕         qp79o                      OVS; object-verb-subject
▽ ⌕         qp79q                      place-manner-time
▽ ⌕         qp79t                      time-manner-place
▽ ⌕         qp9C                 morphosyntactic alignments
▽ ⌕         qp9Cc                      accusative
▽ ⌕         qp9Ce                      ergative
▽ ⌕         qp9Cf                      split ergative
▽ ⌕         qp9Ci                      philippine
▽ ⌕         qp9Ck                      active-stative
▽ ⌕         qp9Cn                      tripartite
▽ ⌕         qp9Cq                      inverse marking
▽ ⌕         qp9Cs                      syntactic pivot
▽ ⌕         qp9Ct                      theta role
▽ ⌕         qpc            copulas
▽ ⌕         qpd            predicates
▽ ⌕         qpg            subjects
▽ ⌕         qpj            direct objects
▽ ⌕         qpn            indirect objects
▽ ⌕         qpp            prepositional objects
▽ ⌕         qq       clauses  ← qp phrases
▽ ⌕         qqm            main clauses; matrix clauses; independent clauses
▽ ⌕         qqs            subordinate clauses; embedded clauses; dependent clauses
▽ ⌕         qs       sentences  ← qq clauses
▽ ⌕         qsb            simple sentences
▽ ⌕         qsd            compound sentences
▽ ⌕         qsl            complex sentences
▽ ⌕         qsn            compound-complex sentences; complex-compound sentences
▽ ⌕         qt       texts; discourses  [text linguistics; discourse analysis]  ← qs sentences
▽ ⌕         qtb            narrative texts; stories
▽ ⌕         qtd            descriptive texts
▽ ⌕         qtg            argumentative texts
▽ ⌕         qti            instructive texts
▽ ⌕         qtm            comparison texts; contrast; expositive texts
▽ ⌕         qv       languages; natural languages; ordinary languages  ≈ DDC 490
▽ ⌕         qvU            currently prominent languages
▽ ⌕         qvUc   [qvkccc]                Chinese; Standard Mandarin
▽ ⌕         qvUe   [qvemi]                English
▽ ⌕         qvUf   [qveir]                French
▽ ⌕         qvUg   [qvemb]                German
▽ ⌕         qvUh   [qvecnh]                Hindi; Standard Hindi
▽ ⌕         qvUi   [qveit]                Italian
▽ ⌕         qvUi7s   ⋄                          spoken
▽ ⌕         qvUi7w   ⋄                          written
▽ ⌕         qvUj   [qvjj]                Japanese
▽ ⌕         qvUl   [qveib]                Latin
▽ ⌕         qvUr   [qveser]                Russian
▽ ⌕         qvUs   [qveii]                Spanish; Castilian
▽ ⌕         qvUt   [qveik]                Portuguese
▽ ⌕         qvUw   [qvbsoch]                Hebrew
▽ ⌕         qvUx   [qvbsor]                Arabic
▽ ⌕         qvX             language families
▽ ⌕         qvbWw            natural languages; ordinary languages
▽ ⌕         qvb            Afro-Asiatic languages; Hamito-Semitic languages  ≈ DDC 492 493  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvbb                 Berber languages
▽ ⌕         qvbc                 Chadic languages
▽ ⌕         qvbe                 Egyptian languages
▽ ⌕         qvbq                 Beja language  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvbs                 Semitic languages
▽ ⌕         qvbse                      East semitic languages
▽ ⌕         qvbsek                           Akkadian; Babylonian; Assyrian
▽ ⌕         qvbso                      West Semitic languages
▽ ⌕         qvbsoc                           Canaanite languages
▽ ⌕         qvbsoch                                Hebrew language
▽ ⌕         qvbsom                           Aramaic languages
▽ ⌕         qvbsoms                                Syriac language
▽ ⌕         qvbsor                           Arabic languages
▽ ⌕         qvbss                      South Semitic languages
▽ ⌕         qvbsse                           Ethiopic languages
▽ ⌕         qvbssem                                Amharic-Argobba
▽ ⌕         qvbt                 Cushitic languages
▽ ⌕         qvbu                 Omotic languages  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvc            Nilo-Saharan languages  ≈ DDC 496
▽ ⌕         qvd            Niger-Congo languages; Niger-Kordofanian languages  ≈ DDC 496
▽ ⌕         qvde                 Senegambian languages
▽ ⌕         qvdef                      Fula language; Fulani; Fulah; Fufulde
▽ ⌕         qvdeo                      Wolof language
▽ ⌕         qvdn                 Bantu languages
▽ ⌕         qvdnb                      Sawabantu languages
▽ ⌕         qvdnbd                           Duala language
▽ ⌕         qvdnbdm                                Mungo dialect
▽ ⌕         qvdnh                      Northeast Bantu languages
▽ ⌕         qvdnhs                           Swahili language
▽ ⌕         qvdnx                      Shona languages
▽ ⌕         qvdny                      Southern Bantu languages
▽ ⌕         qvdnyn                           Nguni languages
▽ ⌕         qvdnynh                                Xhosa language
▽ ⌕         qvdnynl                                Zulu language
▽ ⌕         qvdzg            Aegean languages; Tyrrhenian languages including Etruscan, Lemnian and Helvetian  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvdzk            Khoe languages  ≈ DDC 496  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvdzt            Tuu languages  ≈ DDC 496  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvdzx            Basque language; Euskera; Euskara
▽ ⌕         qve            Indo-european languages  ← jUj Eurasia
▽ ⌕         qvebWf                 Indo-Iranian languages
▽ ⌕         qveb                 Anatolian languages  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvec                 Indo-Aryan languages
▽ ⌕         qvecd                      Old Indo-Aryan; Sanskrit
▽ ⌕         qvecg                      Dardic languages
▽ ⌕         qvecgk                           Kashmiri language
▽ ⌕         qveci                      Pahari; Northern Indo-Aryan languages
▽ ⌕         qvecin                           Nepali language
▽ ⌕         qveck                      Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages
▽ ⌕         qveckp                           Punjabi languages
▽ ⌕         qvecks                           Sindhi languages
▽ ⌕         qvecm                      Western Indo-Aryan languages
▽ ⌕         qvecmc                           Rajastani
▽ ⌕         qvecmg                           Gujarati
▽ ⌕         qvecmi                           Bhil
▽ ⌕         qvecmr                           Romani
▽ ⌕         qvecn                      Hindi; Madhya; Central Indo-Aryan languages
▽ ⌕         qvecnh                           Hindustani including standard Hindi, standard Urdu
▽ ⌕         qvecp                      Magadan; Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
▽ ⌕         qvecps                           Bengali-Assamese
▽ ⌕         qvecs                      Southern Indo-Aryan
▽ ⌕         qvecsm                           Marathi-Konkani
▽ ⌕         qvecss                           Sinhalese
▽ ⌕         qved                 Iranian languages
▽ ⌕         qvedb                      Proto-Iranian
▽ ⌕         qvedd                      Old Iranian
▽ ⌕         qvedde                           Avestan language; Zend
▽ ⌕         qveddp                           Old Persian
▽ ⌕         qvedm                      Middle Iranian languages
▽ ⌕         qvedmc                           Parthian language; Arsacid Pahlavi
▽ ⌕         qvedmi                           Middle Persian language; Pahlavi
▽ ⌕         qvedmk                           Bactrian language
▽ ⌕         qvedms                           Old Ossetic language; Scytho-Sarmatian
▽ ⌕         qvef                 Nuristani languages
▽ ⌕         qveg                 Greek language  ≈ DDC 480
▽ ⌕         qvegh                      Ancient Greek
▽ ⌕         qvego                      modern Greek
▽ ⌕         qvei                 Romance languages; Italic languages
▽ ⌕         qveib                      Latin language  ≈ DDC 470
▽ ⌕         qveibd                           Old Latin
▽ ⌕         qveibi                           Classical Latin
▽ ⌕         qveibl                           Vulgar Latin
▽ ⌕         qveibm                           Medieval Latin
▽ ⌕         qveibr                           Renaissance Latin
▽ ⌕         qveibt                           Modern Latin; New Latin
▽ ⌕         qveic                      Corsican dialects  ← jUhzr Corsica
▽ ⌕         qveid                      Sardinian language
▽ ⌕         qveidc                           Sassarese dialects
▽ ⌕         qveidg                           Gallurese dialects
▽ ⌕         qveidl                           Logudorese dialects
▽ ⌕         qveidp                           Campidanese dialects
▽ ⌕         qveie                      Pyrenean languages
▽ ⌕         qveien                           Navarro-Aragonese language
▽ ⌕         qveier                           Aragonese language
▽ ⌕         qveif                      Mozarabic dialects
▽ ⌕         qveih                      Asturo-Leonese dialects
▽ ⌕         qveii                      Castilian language; Spanish language  ≈ DDC 460
▽ ⌕         qveik                      Portuguese language  ≈ DDC 469
▽ ⌕         qveikr                           Brazilian Portuguese
▽ ⌕         qveil                      Galician language  ≈ DDC 460
▽ ⌕         qvein                      Catalan language  ≈ DDC 449
▽ ⌕         qveio                      Occitan language  ≈ DDC 449
▽ ⌕         qveioe                           Auvergnat dialects
▽ ⌕         qveiog                           Gascon dialects
▽ ⌕         qveioi                           Limousin dialects
▽ ⌕         qveiol                           Languedocien dialects
▽ ⌕         qveiop                           Provençal dialects
▽ ⌕         qveios                           Shuadit dialects
▽ ⌕         qveiq                      Romanian language  ≈ DDC 459
▽ ⌕         qveir                      French language; Langue d'oïl  ≈ DDC 440
▽ ⌕         qveirc                           Cajun French
▽ ⌕         qveirf                           Franco-Provençal dialects
▽ ⌕         qveiri                           Ancient French; Ancien Français
▽ ⌕         qveirm                           Middle French; Moyen Français
▽ ⌕         qveirp                           Picard dialects
▽ ⌕         qveirs                           Zarphatic dialects
▽ ⌕         qveis                      Gallo-Italian dialects
▽ ⌕         qveise                           Piemontese dialects
▽ ⌕         qveisl                           Lombard dialects
▽ ⌕         qveisn                           Venetian dialects
▽ ⌕         qveisr                           Emiliano-Romagnolo dialects
▽ ⌕         qveisu                           Ligurian dialects
▽ ⌕         qveit                      Italian language  ≈ DDC 450
▽ ⌕         qveiti                           Istriot dialect
▽ ⌕         qveitn                           Napoletano-Calabrese dialects
▽ ⌕         qveits                           Sicilian dialects
▽ ⌕         qveitt                           Dalmatian dialects
▽ ⌕         qveitu                           Judeo-Italian dialects
▽ ⌕         qveiu                      Rhaetian languages
▽ ⌕         qveiuf                           Friulian language; Furlan language
▽ ⌕         qveiul                           Ladin language
▽ ⌕         qveiur                           Romansh language
▽ ⌕         qveiw                      Macedo Romanian language; Aromanian language
▽ ⌕         qveix                      Megleno Romanian language; Moglenitic; Meglenitic language
▽ ⌕         qveiy                      Istro Romanian language
▽ ⌕         qvel                 Celtic languages  ≈ DDC 491
▽ ⌕         qvelc                      Proto-Celtic language; Common Celtic
▽ ⌕         qvele                      Lepontic language
▽ ⌕         qveli                      Celtiberian language; Northeastern Hispano-Celtic; Eastern Hispano-Celtic
▽ ⌕         qvelk                      Northwestern Hispano-Celtic language; Western Hispano-Celtic
▽ ⌕         qvell                      Gaulish languages
▽ ⌕         qvellg                           Galatian language
▽ ⌕         qvelr                      Brittonic languages; Brythonic; British Celtic
▽ ⌕         qvelrc                           Cumbric language
▽ ⌕         qvelre                           Welsh language; Cymraeg; y Gymraeg
▽ ⌕         qvelro                           Cornish language
▽ ⌕         qvelrr                           Breton language; brezhoneg
▽ ⌕         qvelu                      Goidelic languages
▽ ⌕         qvelus                           Scottish Gaelic language
▽ ⌕         qvem                 Germanic languages
▽ ⌕         qvemd                      Dutch language  ≈ DDC 439
▽ ⌕         qveme                      Low Saxon dialects
▽ ⌕         qvemf                      Frisian dialects
▽ ⌕         qvemi                      English language  ≈ DDC 420
▽ ⌕         qvemie                           English English
▽ ⌕         qvemif                           Welsh English
▽ ⌕         qvemih                           Scottish English
▽ ⌕         qvemil                           Irish English
▽ ⌕         qvemin                           Northern Irish English
▽ ⌕         qvemir                           American English
▽ ⌕         qvemis                           Australian English
▽ ⌕         qvemj                      Scots language
▽ ⌕         qvemk                      German language  ≈ DDC 430
▽ ⌕         qveml                      Icelandic language
▽ ⌕         qvemo                      Faroese language
▽ ⌕         qvemq                      Danish language  ≈ DDC 439
▽ ⌕         qvemr                      Norwegian language  ≈ DDC 439
▽ ⌕         qvemw                      Swedish language  ≈ DDC 439
▽ ⌕         qveo                 Armenian language
▽ ⌕         qveq                 Tocharian languages
▽ ⌕         qverWs                 Balto-Slavic languages
▽ ⌕         qver                 Baltic languages
▽ ⌕         qverj                      Latvian language
▽ ⌕         qverl                      Lithuanian language
▽ ⌕         qves                 Slavic languages
▽ ⌕         qvese                      East Slavic languages
▽ ⌕         qveseb                           Belarusian language; Belarusan; Belarussian; Belorussian
▽ ⌕         qvesek                           Ukrainian language
▽ ⌕         qveser                           Russian language
▽ ⌕         qveses                           Rusyn language
▽ ⌕         qveso                      West Slavic languages
▽ ⌕         qvesob                           Sorbian languages
▽ ⌕         qvesol                           Lechitic languages
▽ ⌕         qvesoll                                Polish language
▽ ⌕         qvesolp                                Pomeranian language
▽ ⌕         qvesols                                Silesian language
▽ ⌕         qvesolx                                Polabian language
▽ ⌕         qvesoq                           Czech-Slovak languages
▽ ⌕         qvesoqc                                Czech language
▽ ⌕         qvesoqk                                Knaanic; Judeo Slavic
▽ ⌕         qvesoqs                                Slovak language
▽ ⌕         qvess                      South Slavic languages
▽ ⌕         qvesse                           Eastern Southern Slavic languages
▽ ⌕         qvessem                                Macedonian language
▽ ⌕         qvesseq                                Old Church Slavonic
▽ ⌕         qvesseu                                Bulgarian language
▽ ⌕         qvesso                           Western South Slavic languages
▽ ⌕         qvessob                                Serbian language
▽ ⌕         qvessol                                Slovenian language
▽ ⌕         qvessor                                Croatian language
▽ ⌕         qvessos                                Bosnian language
▽ ⌕         qveu                 Albanian language
▽ ⌕         qvf            Uralic languages  ≈ DDC 494
▽ ⌕         qvfc                 Samoyedic languages
▽ ⌕         qvff                 Finno-Ugric languages
▽ ⌕         qvffh                      Ugric; Ugrian languages including Hungarian
▽ ⌕         qvffi                      Finno-Permic; Baltic-Finnic languages including Sami, Estonian, Finnish
▽ ⌕         qvffie                           Permic language
▽ ⌕         qvffim                           Sami languages
▽ ⌕         qvffit                           Baltic-Finnic languages
▽ ⌕         qvffitf                                Finnish language
▽ ⌕         qvffitk                                Karelian language
▽ ⌕         qvffitt                                Estonian language
▽ ⌕         qvffitv                                Livonian language
▽ ⌕         qvg            Turkic languages  ≈ DDC 494
▽ ⌕         qvgg                 Oghuz languages; Southwestern Common Turkic
▽ ⌕         qvggi                      Turkish language
▽ ⌕         qvggr                      Azerbaijani language; Azeri
▽ ⌕         qvggu                      Turkmen language
▽ ⌕         qvgk                 Kipchak languages; Northwestern Common Turkic
▽ ⌕         qvgkk                      Kazakh language
▽ ⌕         qvgkr                      Kyrgyz language
▽ ⌕         qvgr                 Karluk languages; Southeastern Common Turkic
▽ ⌕         qvgrb                      Uzbek language
▽ ⌕         qvgs                 Siberian languages; Northeastern Common Turkic
▽ ⌕         qvgzg            Tungusic languages
▽ ⌕         qvgzi            Mongolic languages
▽ ⌕         qvgzk            Northwest Caucasian languages; West Caucasian; Abkhazo-Adyghean; Circassic; Pontic
▽ ⌕         qvgzm            Northeast Caucasian languages; North Caspian
▽ ⌕         qvgzo            Hurro-Urartian languages  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvgzq            Kartvelian languages; South Caucasian languages
▽ ⌕         qvgzqg                 Georgian languages
▽ ⌕         qvgzqn                 Zan languages
▽ ⌕         qvgzqs                 Svan language
▽ ⌕         qvgzs            Yeniseian languages
▽ ⌕         qvgzu            Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages
▽ ⌕         qvgzy            Yukaghir languages
▽ ⌕         qvh            Korean language  ≈ DDC 495
▽ ⌕         qvi            Dravidian languages  ≈ DDC 494
▽ ⌕         qvid                 South Dravidian languages
▽ ⌕         qvidc                      Tamil language
▽ ⌕         qvide                      Malayalam language
▽ ⌕         qvidk                      Kannada language
▽ ⌕         qvig                 South-Central Dravidian languages
▽ ⌕         qvigt                      Telugu language
▽ ⌕         qvik                 Central-Dravidian languages
▽ ⌕         qvin                 North Dravidian languages
▽ ⌕         qvizd            Andamanese languages
▽ ⌕         qvj            Japonic languages; Japanese-Ryukyuan languages  ≈ DDC 495
▽ ⌕         qvjj                 Japanese language; Nihongo
▽ ⌕         qvjzb            Buyeo languages; Puyo; Fuyu languages  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvk            Sino-Tibetan languages  ≈ DDC 495
▽ ⌕         qvkc                 Chinese languages; Sinitic
▽ ⌕         qvkcc                      Mandarin Chinese language
▽ ⌕         qvkccc                           Standard Chinese language; Modern Standard Mandarin
▽ ⌕         qvkcf                      Wu languages
▽ ⌕         qvkck                      Cantonese languages
▽ ⌕         qvkcm                      Min languages
▽ ⌕         qvkcmt                           Taiwanese language
▽ ⌕         qvkcu                      Gan languages
▽ ⌕         qvkcx                      Xiang languages
▽ ⌕         qvkcy                      Hakka languages
▽ ⌕         qvkt                 Tibeto-Burman languages
▽ ⌕         qvkzm            Hmong-Mien languages
▽ ⌕         qvl            Tai-Kadai languages; Kra–Dai; Daic; Kadai
▽ ⌕         qvlb                 Ong-Be languages
▽ ⌕         qvlf                 Kra languages
▽ ⌕         qvlk                 Kam-Sui languages
▽ ⌕         qvlo                 Hlai languages
▽ ⌕         qvlt                 Tai languages; Zhuang–Tai
▽ ⌕         qvlti                      Siamese language
▽ ⌕         qvltl                      Lao language
▽ ⌕         qvm            Austroasiatic languages; Mon–Khmer
▽ ⌕         qvmd                 Munda languages
▽ ⌕         qvmi                 Vietic languages
▽ ⌕         qvmiv                      Vietnamese language
▽ ⌕         qvmr                 Khmer language; Cambodian
▽ ⌕         qvn            Austronesian languages
▽ ⌕         qvp            Papuan languages  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvq            Native American languages; Amerindian languages; indigenous languages of the Americas  ≈ DDC 497 498  ✍
▽ ⌕         qvs            Australian aboriginal languages  ≈ DDC 499
▽ ⌕         qvw            signed languages; sign languages
▽ ⌕         qvw92                      of region
▽ ⌕         qvw92f                           Italy; Italian sign language; lingua dei segni italiana; LIS
▽ ⌕         qvw92q                           Korea; Korean sign language; KSL
▽ ⌕         qvx            modern planned languages; constructed; artificial languages; conlangs  ≈ DDC 499
▽ ⌕         qvxeWg                 engineered languages; engelangs
▽ ⌕         qvxe                 philosophical languages; early-modern a-priori universal languages
▽ ⌕         qvxej                      Dalgarno's Ars signorum
▽ ⌕         qvxek                      Wilkins's Characteristica universalis
▽ ⌕         qvxel                      Leibniz's Lingua generalis
▽ ⌕         qvxg                 logical languages
▽ ⌕         qvxgg                      Loglan
▽ ⌕         qvxgj                      Lojban
▽ ⌕         qvxi                 auxiliary languages; auxlangs; IALs  ← qaxu 
▽ ⌕         qvxid                      Volapük
▽ ⌕         qvxie                      Esperanto
▽ ⌕         qvxif                      Ido
▽ ⌕         qvxii                      Interlingua
▽ ⌕         qvxt                 art languages; fantasy languages
▽ ⌕         qvxtk                      Klingon
▽ ⌕         qvxtq                      Quenya
 
Connected classes:
 
 005  [qv]           in language
 0053  [qv]                translated from original language
 0055  [qv]                paraphrased from original language
 0056  [q69]                 style; rhetorical strategy
 05  [q9]      conveying communicative function; act
 p968  [q388]                 wealth class
 q31  [q]           deriving from original linguistic element  [etymology; philology]
 q32  [q]           within linguistic context
 q77  [q]           with element
 q7wlg                     Greek alphabet  ← qveg 
 q7wll                     Latin alphabet  ← qvei 
 q7wllXc                               uppercase Latin letters  ← q7wlac 
 q7wllXs                               lowercase Latin letters  ← q7wlas 
 q7wlr                     Cyrillic alphabet  ← qves 
 qo      words; lexical categories; word classes; lexical classes; parts of speech  [grammar (partim)]  ← qm 
 qp      phrases; syntagmas; units  [syntax; grammar]  ← qo 
 qq      clauses  ← qp 
 qs      sentences  ← qq 
 qt      texts; discourses  [text linguistics; discourse analysis]  ← qs 
 qvUc  [qvkccc]                Chinese; Standard Mandarin
 qvUe  [qvemi]                English
 qvUf  [qveir]                French
 qvUg  [qvemb]                German
 qvUh  [qvecnh]                Hindi; Standard Hindi
 qvUi  [qveit]                Italian
 qvUj  [qvjj]                Japanese
 qvUl  [qveib]                Latin
 qvUr  [qveser]                Russian
 qvUs  [qveii]                Spanish; Castilian
 qvUt  [qveik]                Portuguese
 qvUw  [qvbsoch]                Hebrew
 qvUx  [qvbsor]                Arabic
 qvxi                auxiliary languages; auxlangs; IALs  ← qaxu 
 r raw materials; intermediate goods; primary commodities; primary sector  ← q m g 
 tu      media; means of communication; information exchange  [information and communication technology; ICT]  ← ou q 
 tu9a                oral reports; testimonies; oral knowledge  ← q7s 
 tu9i                written texts  ← q7w 
 u social groups; civil society; complex society; institutions; people  [sociology]  ← q oss 
 u6pw                conversational rules  [proxemics]  ← q 
 u95  [qv]            ethnicity; language
 v95  [qv]           speaking official language
 w5m           preaching  ← q 
 w5o           blessing; consecration  ← q 
 w5p           invocation; prayer  ← q 
 w95  [qv]           of ethnicity; language speakers
 wbg           greeting and parting customs; salutations  ← q7g 
 x95  [qv]           in language
 xl      literature; literary works  [philology; literary theory; literary criticism]  ← poi q 
 xlm           myths; legends; stories  [mythology]  ← qtb 
 xn      dances  [choreology]  ← wb q7g 
 y3135  [qv]                     translated from original language
 y75  [qv]           written in document language
 y95  [qv]           in; among speakers of language; expression
 y99c                concepts; notions  [concept theory]  ← po qo 
 yu      linguistics  ← q 
 yuw           historical linguistics; philology  ← yl q 

specificity 
current: 99 

   
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ILC developing version — ISKO Italia <https://www.iskoi.org/ilc/> : 2006.03.06 - 2026.05.14 -