f
|
molecules; chemical substances; pure substances [chemistry; molecular physics] ↞ e atoms ≈ DDC 540 |
f25 []
|
in milieu |
f3
|
by bond |
f36 []
|
giving by-product |
f37 []
|
by catalyst |
f38 []
|
from reactant |
f3c
|
covalent bond |
f3f
|
ionic bond |
f3h
|
hydrogen bonding ↞ ebb hydrogen |
f3n
|
Van der Waals bond |
f48 []
|
needing kJ/mol potential barrier; energy barrier; activation energy Ea |
f5
|
reaction [stoichiometry; chemical kinetics] |
f52 []
|
reactivity |
f526 []
|
solubility ↞ fU water |
f55 []
|
boiling at K boiling point ↞ gg gases gl liquids |
f556 []
|
melting at K melting point ↞ gl liquids gs solids |
f55pqvr ⋄
|
273 |
f55prvr ⋄
|
373 |
f57 []
|
rate of reaction |
f57c
|
equilibrium |
f58 []
|
J; joule enthalpy change; ΔH; heat of reaction |
f59
|
reaction type |
f59d
|
endothermic |
f59h
|
photochemical [photochemistry] ↞ d5ll visible light |
f59s
|
exothermic |
f59x
|
explosive |
f5b
|
synthesis |
f5d
|
decomposition |
f5f
|
single replacement |
f5g
|
double replacement |
f5i
|
reduction-oxidation; redox ↞ ecq oxygen |
f5ic
|
combustion; burning |
f5ie
|
electrochemical reaction |
f5l
|
complexation ↞ fgc classical complexes |
f5ll
|
ligand exchange |
f5n
|
acid-base reaction [Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory] |
f5nn
|
neutralization |
f5p
|
precipitation |
f5qWy
|
organic reaction |
f5s
|
substitution |
f5se
|
electrophilic substitution |
f5sn
|
nucleophilic substitution |
f5snb
|
SN1 |
f5snc
|
SN2 |
f5sr
|
radical substitution |
f5u
|
addition |
f5ue
|
electrophilic addition |
f5un
|
nucleophilic addition |
f5ur
|
radical addition |
f5v
|
elimination |
f5w
|
rearrangement |
f5wh
|
hydride shift |
f5wi
|
sigmatropic reaction |
f5wp
|
pericyclic reaction |
f65 []
|
aggregation state |
f65g
|
gaseous |
f65l
|
liquid |
f65s
|
solid |
f65x
|
crystalline |
f66 []
|
statistics |
f66b
|
boson |
f66f
|
fermion |
f7 []
|
molecular structure |
f77 []
|
made up of chemical element |
f83 []
|
weighing molecular weight |
f837 []
|
dense g/cm3 density |
f86 []
|
quantity |
f88 []
|
mmol |
f9 []
|
kind |
f96 []
|
acidity |
f968 []
|
ph |
f968no
|
0 |
f968nv
|
7 |
f968os
|
14 |
f96f
|
acid |
f96i
|
neutral |
f96m
|
amphoteric |
f96x
|
base; basic; alkaline |
f97 []
|
formed with radical; functional group |
f98 []
|
ionization |
f98k
|
-3; --- |
f98l
|
-2; -- |
f98m
|
-1; - |
f98o
|
0 |
f98p
|
+1; + |
f98q
|
+2; ++ |
f98r
|
+3; +++ |
fU []
|
water; H2O |
fU65g
|
steam |
fU65l
|
liquid water |
fU65x
|
ice |
fb
|
pure substances |
fb77bb
|
molecular hydrogen; H2 |
fb77cp
|
molecular nitrogen; N2 |
fcWe
|
inorganic compounds [inorganic chemistry] ≈ DDC 546 |
fcWy
|
chemical compounds; complex substances |
fc
|
mineral acids; inorganic acids ↞ ebb hydrogen f99f |
fc78 []
|
chemical characteristic |
fc78p
|
monoprotic acid |
fc78q
|
diprotic acid |
fc78r
|
triprotic acid |
fc9s
|
strong acid |
fc9w
|
weak acid |
fccWf
|
hydrogen halides ↞ eXr halogens |
fcc
|
hydrofluoric acid; HF ↞ ecr fluorine |
fcd
|
hydrochloric acid; HCl ↞ edr chlorine |
fce
|
hydrobromic acid; HBr ↞ eer bromine |
fcf
|
hydroiodic acid; HI ↞ efr iodine |
fcm
|
nitric acid; HNO3 ↞ ecp nitrogen |
fcn
|
nitrous acid; HNO2 ↞ ecp nitrogen |
fco
|
halogen oxoacids ↞ eXr halogens |
fcp
|
phosphoric acid; H3PO4 ↞ edp phosphorus |
fcq
|
sulfuric acid; sulphuric acid; oil of vitriol; H2SO4 ↞ edq sulfur |
fcr
|
fluorosulfuric acid; HSO3F ↞ ecr fluorine edq sulfur |
fd
|
bases ↞ f99x |
fd9s
|
strong base |
fd9w
|
weak base |
fdd
|
ammonia; azane; NH3 ↞ ecp nitrogen |
fdh
|
hydroxides |
fdh98m
|
hydroxide ion; OH- |
fdhc
|
lithium hydroxide; LiOH ↞ ecb lythium |
fdhd
|
sodium hydroxide; NaOH ↞ edb sodium |
fdhm
|
magnesium hydroxide; Mg(OH)2 ↞ edc magnesium |
fe
|
oxides ↞ ecq oxygen |
feb
|
hydrogen oxides ↞ ebb hydrogen |
febb
|
hydrogen oxide; water; H2O |
febc
|
hydrogen peroxide; H2O2; dihydrogen dioxide; dioxidane |
fec
|
carbon oxides ↞ eco carbon |
fecb
|
carbon monoxide; CO |
fecc
|
carbon dioxide; carbonic acid gas; carbonic anhydride; arbonic oxide; CO2 |
fecc65s
|
dry ice |
fed
|
nitrogen oxides; NOx ↞ ecp nitrogen |
fedb
|
nitric oxide; nitrogen monoxide; NO |
fedc
|
nitrogen dioxide; NO2 |
fedd
|
nitrous oxide; nitrous; laughing gas; sweet air; N2O |
fee
|
lithium oxide; lithia; Li2O ↞ ecb lythium |
fef
|
sodium oxide; Na2O ↞ edb sodium |
feg
|
magnesium oxide; magnesia; MgO ↞ edc magnesium |
feh
|
aluminium oxides ↞ edn aluminium |
fehd
|
aluminium oxide; alumina; aloxide; aloxite; alundum; Al2O3 |
fei
|
silicon oxides ↞ edo silicon |
feic
|
silicon dioxide; silica; SiO2 |
fek
|
potassium oxide; potash; K2O ↞ eeb potassium |
fel
|
calcium oxides ↞ eec calcium |
felb
|
calcium oxide; quicklime; burnt lime; CaO |
fen
|
manganese oxides ↞ eeh manganese |
fer
|
iron oxides; rust ↞ eei iron |
ferd
|
iron(III) oxide; ferric oxide; Fe2O3 |
fere
|
iron(II,III) oxide; Fe3O4 |
fev
|
copper oxides ↞ eel copper |
fevb
|
copper(I) oxide; cuprous oxide; Cu2O |
fevc
|
copper(II) oxide ; cupric oxide; CuO |
fevd
|
copper peroxide; CuO2 |
feve
|
copper(III) oxide; Cu2O3 |
few
|
zinc oxide; ZnO ↞ eem zinc |
ff
|
salts |
ffcWf
|
halides ↞ eXr halogens |
ffc
|
fluorides ↞ ecr fluorine |
ffd
|
chlorides ↞ edr chlorine |
ffdd
|
sodium chloride; common salt; saline; table salt; regular salt; sea salt; NaCl |
ffdk
|
potassium chloride; muriate of potash; KCl |
ffdl
|
calcium chloride; CaCl2 |
ffdm
|
magnesium chloride; MgCl2 |
ffe
|
bromides ↞ eer bromine |
fff
|
iodides ↞ efr iodine |
ffk
|
carbonates ↞ eco carbon |
ffk98l
|
carbonate ion; CO3-- |
ffkf
|
sodium carbonate; Na2CO3 |
ffkg
|
magnesium carbonate; magnesia alba; MgCO3 |
ffkl
|
calcium carbonate; CaCO3 |
ffm
|
nitrates ↞ ecp nitrogen |
ffm98m
|
nitrate ion; NO3- |
ffmf
|
sodium nitrate; Peru saltpeter; soda niter; cubic niter; NaNO3 |
ffn
|
nitrites ↞ ecp nitrogen |
ffn98l
|
nitrite ion; NO2- |
ffp
|
phosphates ↞ edp phosphorus |
ffp98k
|
phosphate ion; PO4--- |
ffq
|
sulfates ↞ edq sulfur |
ffq98l
|
sulfate ion; SO4-- |
fg
|
complexes; coordination compounds |
fgc
|
classical complexes; Werner complexes |
fgo
|
organometallic compounds |
fgs
|
cluster compounds |
fgv
|
bioinorganic compounds |
fgzt
|
transition metal compounds |
fhWu
|
organic compounds [organic chemistry] ≈ DDC 547 |
fh
|
hydrocarbons ↞ eco carbon ebb hydrogen |
fhcWd
|
saturated hydrocarbons |
fhcWh
|
aliphatic hydrocarbons; acyclic hydrocarbons |
fhc
|
alkanes; paraffins |
fhcb
|
methane; CH4 |
fhcc
|
ethane; C2H6 |
fhcd
|
propane; C3H8 |
fhce
|
butanes; C4H10 |
fhceb
|
n-butane |
fhcec
|
isobutane; methylpropane |
fhcf
|
pentanes; C5H12 |
fhcfb
|
n-pentane |
fhcfc
|
isopentane; methylbutane |
fhcfd
|
neopentane; dimethylpropane |
fhcg
|
hexanes; C6H14 |
fhch
|
heptanes; C7H16 |
fhci
|
octanes; C8H18 |
fhd
|
cycloalkanes; cyclic alkanes; naphthenes |
fhdd
|
cyclopropane |
fhde
|
cyclobutane |
fhdf
|
cyclopentane |
fheWf
|
unsaturated hydrocarbons |
fhe
|
alkenes; olefins |
fhe9i
|
vinyl group; ethenyl; -CH=CH2 |
fhe9l
|
allyl group; -CH2-CH=CH2 |
fhec
|
ethylene; ethene; C2H4 |
fhf
|
dienes; diolefins |
fhg
|
alkynes; acetylenes |
fhgc
|
acetylene; ethyne; C2H2 |
fhm
|
annulenes; conjugated monocyclic hydrocarbons |
fhme
|
cyclobutadiene |
fhmg
|
benzene; benzol; C6H6 |
fhmg98m
|
phenyl group; phenyl ring |
fhmi
|
cyclooctatetraene |
fhp
|
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polyaromatic hydrocarbons; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; PAHs |
fhpk
|
naphthalene; C10H8 |
fi
|
alcohols |
fib
|
monohydric alcohols |
fibb
|
methanol; methyl alcohol; Columbian spirits; wood alcohol; CH3OH |
fibc
|
ethanol; alcohol; ethyl alcohol; drinking alcohol; Cologne spirit; C2H5OH |
fibd
|
propanol; propan-2-ol; isopropyl alcohol; rubbing alcohol |
fibe
|
butanol; butan-1-ol; butyl alcohol |
fibf
|
pentanol; pentan-1-ol; amyl alcohol |
fibq
|
cetyl alcohol; hexadecan-1-ol |
fic
|
diols |
ficc
|
ethylene glycol; ethane-1;2-diol |
ficd
|
propylene glycol; propane-1;2-diol |
fid
|
triols |
fidd
|
glycerol; glycerine; propanetriol; propane-1;2;3-triol |
fie
|
tetraols |
fiee
|
erythritol; treitol; butane-1;2;3;4-tetraol |
fif
|
pentols |
fiff
|
xylitol; pentane-1;2;3;4;5-pentol |
fig
|
hexols |
figg
|
sorbitol; mannitol; hexane-1;2;3;4;5;6-hexol |
fih
|
heptols |
fihh
|
volemitol; heptane-1;2;3;4;5;6;7-heptol |
fiu
|
unsaturated aliphatic alcohols |
fiud
|
allyl alcohol; prop-2-ene-1-ol |
fiuk
|
geraniol; 3;7-dimethylocta-2;6-dien-1-ol |
fiw
|
alicyclic alcohols |
fiwg
|
inositol; cyclohexane-1;2;3;4;5;6-hexol |
fiwk
|
menthol; peppermint camphor; 2-(2-propyl)-5-methyl-cyclohexane-1-ol |
fj
|
aldehydes; alkanals |
fj98m
|
aldehyde carbonyl |
fjb
|
formaldehyde; methanal; CH2O |
fje
|
butyraldehyde; butanal |
fk
|
ketones; alkanones |
fkd
|
acetone; propanone; (CH3)2CO |
fkze
|
ethers |
fl
|
carboxylic acids; fatty acids ↞ fc mineral acids ebb hydrogen |
fl98m
|
carboxyls |
flb
|
formic acid; methanoic acid |
flc
|
acetic acid; CH3COOH |
fld
|
propionic acid; propanoic acid |
fle
|
butyric acid; butanoic acid |
flf
|
valeric acid; pentanoic acid |
fls
|
stearic acid; octadecanoic acid |
fly
|
alpha hydroxy acids; AHAs |
flyb
|
glycolic acid; hydroacetic acid; hydroxyacetic acid |
flyc
|
lactic acid; milk acid |
flyd
|
malic acid |
flye
|
tartaric acid; racemic acid; uvic acid |
flyf
|
citric acid |
fm
|
esters |
fm98m
|
O-alkyl groups; alkoxy |
fn
|
amines |
fnd
|
trimethylamine; TMA; N(CH3)3 |
fng
|
aniline; C6H5NH2 |
fno
|
amino acids |
fnoU
|
proteinogenic amino acids |
fnoUb
|
alanine; Ala; A |
fnoUc
|
cysteine; Cys; C |
fnoUd
|
aspartic acid; Asp; D |
fnoUe
|
glutamic acid; Glu; E |
fnoUf
|
phenylalanine; Phe; F |
fnoUg
|
glycine; Gly; G |
fnoUh
|
histidine; His; H |
fnoUi
|
isoleucine; Ile; I |
fnoUk
|
lysine; Lys; K |
fnoUl
|
leucine; Leu; L |
fnoUm
|
methionine; Met; M |
fnoUn
|
asparagine; Asn; N |
fnoUp
|
proline; Pro; P |
fnoUq
|
glutamine; Gln; Q |
fnoUr
|
arginine; Arg; R |
fnoUs
|
serine; Ser; S |
fnoUt
|
threonine; Thr; T |
fnoUv
|
valine; Val; V |
fnoUw
|
tryptophan; Trp; W |
fnoUy
|
tyrosine; Tyr; Y |
fo
|
carbohydrates; saccharides |
fo9j
|
aldoses |
fo9k
|
ketoses |
focWj
|
monosaccharides; simple sugars |
foc
|
trioses |
fod
|
tetroses |
foe
|
pentoses |
foei
|
ribose |
fof
|
hexoses |
foff
|
glucose |
fofl
|
galactose |
fofr
|
fructose |
fog
|
heptoses |
fok
|
disaccharides; double sugars; bioses |
fokm
|
maltose |
foo
|
oligosaccharides |
fop
|
polysaccharides |
fopc
|
starch |
fopg
|
glycogen |
fopi
|
arabinoxylans |
fopl
|
cellulose |
fopn
|
chitin |
fopp
|
pectins |
fp
|
lipids; fats |
fpg
|
glycerids |
fph
|
sphingolipids |
fps
|
sterols |
fpt
|
prenols including terpenoids |
fpw
|
waxes |
fpy
|
polyketides |
fq
|
nucleotides |
fqc
|
cytosine; C |
fqg
|
guanine; G |
fqn
|
adenine; A |
fqt
|
thymine; T |
fqu
|
uracil; U |
ft
|
proteins ↞ fno amino acids |
ft5Cd
|
degradation |
ft5b
|
synthesis |
ft7
|
protein structure; folding |
ft7b
|
protein primary structures |
ft7c
|
protein secondary structures |
ft7d
|
protein tertiary structures |
ft7e
|
protein quaternary structures; subunits |
ft9s
|
structural proteins |
ft9y
|
enzymes |
ftU
|
common proteins |
ftUdWl
|
enzymes ↞ ftay |
ftUd
|
oxidoreductases |
ftUf
|
transferases |
ftUh
|
hydrolases |
ftUi
|
lyases |
ftUj
|
isomerases |
ftUl
|
ligases |
ftUmWp
|
cell signaling and ligand binding proteins |
ftUm
|
transmembrane proteins |
ftUn
|
insulin |
ftUo
|
antibodies |
ftUp
|
haemoglobin |
ftUqWt
|
structural proteins ↞ ftau |
ftUq
|
collagen |
ftUr
|
keratin |
ftUs
|
myosin |
ftUt
|
actin |
ftX
|
protein fold classes |
ftb
|
all alpha proteins domains consisting of α-helices |
ftbzb
|
all beta proteins domains consisting of β-sheets |
ftc
|
alpha and beta proteins (a/b) mainly parallel beta sheets |
ftd
|
alpha and beta proteins (a+b) mainly antiparallel beta sheets |
fte
|
multi-domain proteins |
ftf
|
membrane and cell surface proteins and peptides |
ftg
|
small proteins |
fth
|
coiled-coil proteins |
fti
|
low resolution protein structures |
ftj
|
peptides |
ftk
|
designed proteins |
fu
|
nucleic acids ↞ fq nucleotides |
fur
|
RNA; ribonucleic acid |
fus
|
DNA; deoxyribonucleic acid |
fx
|
solid state compounds ↞ gsx |
uUde(91px)f
|
Franche-Comté |
Connected classes: |
f25 [f]
|
in milieu |
f36 [f]
|
giving by-product |
f37 [f]
|
by catalyst |
f38 [f]
|
from reactant |
f526 [an]
|
solubility ↞ fU |
f5ɭ
|
complexation ↞ fgc |
f97 [f]
|
formed with radical; functional group |
fU [febb]
|
water; H2O |
fc
|
mineral acids; inorganic acids ↞ ebb f99f |
fd
|
bases ↞ f99x |
fɭ
|
carboxylic acids; fatty acids ↞ fc ebb |
ft
|
proteins ↞ fno |
ftUdWɭ
|
enzymes ↞ ftay |
ftUqWt
|
structural proteins ↞ ftau |
fu
|
nucleic acids ↞ fq |
g
|
bulk matter; states of matter; phases; continuum bodies; macroscopical physical systems [classical mechanics] ↞ f |
g97 [f]
|
made up of chemical substance |
gte
|
oxide minerals; oxides ↞ fe |
gteb
|
ice; H2O ↞ ebb fU |
gteec
|
corundum; Al2O3 ↞ edn fehd |
gteee
|
hematite; Fe2O3 ↞ eei ferd |
gtesm
|
magnetite; Fe3O4 ↞ edc eei fere |
gtstb
|
quartz; SiO2 ↞ feic |
gtxc
|
mineral hydrocarbons ↞ fd |
i977 [f]
|
containing chemical substance |
j5rk
|
chemical erosion ↞ fae |
jq
|
aquifers; ground water; water-bearing strata [hydrogeology] ↞ fU |
js
|
fresh water systems; drainage basins; watersheds [hydrology; hydrography; limnology] ↞ fU |
jsɭj
|
solution lakes ↞ fae |
k
|
genes; genetic code [genetics] ↞ fu |
k98 [f]
|
coding for gene product; functional molecule |
ɭ5mi
|
carbohydrate catabolism ↞ fo |
ɭ5mj
|
fat catabolism ↞ fp |
ɭ5mk
|
protein catabolism ↞ ft |
m439h
|
chemical exposure ↞ f |
ny7Ch
|
abiotic components ↞ j i f |
o5ef
|
chemical perception ↞ f |
r5c
|
controlled fire; cooking ↞ f5ic |
r9n
|
salt ↞ ff |
r9q
|
dyes and paints ↞ f |
r9t
|
plastic ↞ f |
rɭ59i
|
irrigation ↞ fU js |
rth
|
chemical manufacturing ↞ f |
sbsb
|
table salt ↞ ffdd |
sbvh
|
alcoholic drinks ↞ fibc |
sm3r
|
chemical weapons ↞ f |
ysgf
|
chemistry ↞ f |